传统民居院落的完整度指标评价体系初探——以宁波石浦古镇许家片为例

The Evaluation System of the Traditional Residential Courtyard Integrity:The Case of Xujia Neighborhood in Shipu Town,Ningbo City

院落是中国古代建筑群体组合的基本单位,是中国古代建筑的灵魂。历史演化过程中,传统民居院落有的保存较好,有的则被破坏或产生了异质同构的变化,因此研究院落完整度评价体系意义重大。该文通过对院落现状的存在形式与院落的历史原型进行比较分析,构建评价体系指标。评价体系选取影响院落的平面格局、建筑高度、材料样式的遗存状况作为指标因子,采用综合评价法计算完整度与清晰度。指标计算时,首先要分析传统民居院落在特定时期的历史原型,提取院落单元,然后计算每项指标因子的标准值,最后通过权重及折合率,计算出最终的目标值。

Courtyard is the basic unit of Chinese ancient buildings group,and is the soul of Chinese ancient architecture.In the course of historical evolution,traditional residential courtyards are well preserved,destroyed or produced heterogeneous isomorphic changes,so it is of great significance to study the evaluation system of the courtyard integrity.In this paper we compare and analyze the existing situation and the historical prototype of the courtyard,and construct the evaluation system index.The evaluation system selects the plane pattern,the height of buildings and the material style remains as the indicator factor,and the comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the completeness and clarity.In the index calculation,first of all,we should analyze the historical prototype of the traditional dwelling courtyard in a certain period,and extract the courtyard unit,then calculate the standard value of each index factor,and finally calculate the final target value through the weight and the replacement rate.