生态弹性视角下的城市适应性承洪策略探究

The Strategy of Urban Adaptation to Floods Based on the Ecological Resilience

虽然防洪基础设施被广泛采用,滨河城市仍然饱受洪水的困扰。即使不再过分强调工程设施的必要性,但在控制性洪水管理模式的指导下,洪水只要发生就该被阻止仍然是人们一贯的思维,洪水即意味着灾难。为推动城市弹性洪水理论进展并提升城市系统存续能力,主张一种适应性承洪策略,通过城市设计来阻止损失,为温和的洪水留出空间并注重人与自然的互动,明确了适应性承洪策略的理论基础并总结了其特征;通过在间歇性洪水中积累经验,重塑河流生态来应对极端灾害;在实践层面上,提出了三项城市设计原则来改善建成环境,提升城市承洪适应性。

Although flood control infrastructure are widely adopted,riverfront cities are still suffering from the flood.Even if there is no more excessive emphasis on the necessity of structural measures,people consistently consider to prevent the flood as soon as it happens.Under the guidance of flood control management paradigm,flood means disaster.In order to promote the development of urban resilience flood theory and address the persistence of urban system,we advocate the alternative flood adaptation paradigm,which aims at preventing the damage through the urban design and it allows the soft flood to get into the city.Meanwhile,we pay attention to the interaction between man and nature.We further define the theoretical basis of adaptation management paradigm and summarize its characteristics.So we accumulate the experience in periodic floods and rescue the river ecology to prepare the extreme events.At the practice level,three urban design principles have been put forward to improve the built environment and the capacity to tolerate flooding.