家庭伦理生态的悲剧

The Tragedy of the Family Ethical Ecology

从文学伦理学批评的视角来看,卡夫卡《变形记》的主题,并不是揭露和批判资本主义社会中人的异化,而是叙述了家庭伦理生态的悲剧。甲虫所指的是家庭中一个人丧失挣钱能力的生存状态。格列高尔变形为一只甲虫后,父亲、母亲、妹妹皆愈来愈难以容忍它的存在,亲情的冷暴力和热暴力促成了它的被自杀。况且,这只甲虫还有兄妹乱伦的意图,亦有俄狄浦斯情结,即它违犯了性伦理禁忌。作为死亡寓言,《变形记》是卡夫卡家庭伦理悲剧记忆的变相投影。

From the perspective of the Ethical Literary Criticism,the theme of The Transformation by Kafka is not the alienation in the Capital society but the tragedy of the family ethical ecology.A ungeziefer is the metaphor of a living condition that a man can not work and earn money any more.After Gregor transformed into a ungeziefer in a morning,Father was hostile to it,Mother was afraid of it,and his sister Grete also increasingly disliked it,which finally killed it.What’ s more,the pest wanted siblings incest,it had the Oedipus complex and it violated the ethical sexual taboo.As a death fable,The Transformation was the distorted representation of the author’s memories of his family ethics.