明清时期山东运河区域庙会习俗考述

A Study on the Custom of Temple Fairs in Shandong's Canal Region in Ming and Qing Dynasties

庙会是中国传统社会普遍存在的一种民俗活动。明清时期山东运河区域的庙会数量众多,呈现出经济功能突出、辐射范围广等特点。庙会的定期举行在满足民众祭祀需求的同时,也促进了商品经济发展和城乡物资交流。为祭祀神灵而举行的戏曲表演、接驾巡游等活动,在酬谢神灵的同时,也起到了文化娱乐、强化地域文化认同的作用。作为民众的集体狂欢活动,庙会的举行不可避免地对地方社会秩序产生一定的冲击,并为当政者和地方精英阶层所诟病和批判,甚至对其加以取缔和打击。庙会在促进地方经济文化发展的同时,也在一定程度上成为官民力量博弈的舞台。

Temple Fair is a common folk activity in the traditional Chinese society.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,there were many temple fairs in Shandong Canal region,showing prominent economic function and wide range of radiation.Temple Fair held regularly met the need of people’s worship,and at the same time,also promoted the development of commodity economy and exchange of goods between urban and rural areas.For the sacrifice of the gods,people held the opera performances,greeting and parade and other activities,which not only rewarded gods,but also played the role of cultural entertainment,and the strengthening of regional cultural identity.As the collective carnival activity of the people,the temple fairs inevitably had a certain negative impact on the local social order,and were criticized by the ruling class and local elites,and even were banned and attacked.Temple Fairs promoted the local economic and cultural development,and at the same time provided a stage to a certain extent,for the strength gambling between official and civil powers.