南极搜救体系现状与影响及我国的对策研究

REALITY AND INFLUENCE OF ANTARCTIC SEARCH AND RESCUE SYSTEM AND THE RESPONSE OF CHINA

伴随各类南极活动的增多,如何尽可能地减少和避免遇险、遇难事件并更好地进行搜救成为南极活动各国重点关注的问题之一。在国际海事组织(IMO)和国际民航组织(ICAO)所划分搜救区域的基础上,南极地区形成了以距离南极最近的5个国家为主导的南极搜救体系。各国的搜救职责依4个国际公约确立。承担搜救责任的5个国家基于本国的搜救体系,开展国际合作,在南极搜救方面发挥了重要的作用和贡献。在现有南极条约体系框架下,南极搜救活动难免会对相关国家在南极的实质性存在、极地安全等问题产生一定的影响。我国作为参与南极活动的主要国家之一,在南极有着重要的利益诉求,有必要通过完善相关的硬件设施、提升搜救软实力等途径来提高我国的南极搜救活动参与度,强化我国在南极的实质性存在与影响,增强对南极事务的话语权。

With the increase of various activities in Antarctic, such as scientific research, tourism, and fishing, the questions of how best to avoid and reduce emergency cases and to improve rescue activities have become of great importance. IMO and ICAO divide the globe based on search and rescue plans, the five countries nearest Antarctica（Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, and South Africa） have developed Antarctic search and rescue system. The search and rescue responsibilities of states are governed by the standards and recommended practices contained in 4 conventions. Based on five countries＇ own search and rescue systems and extensive international cooperation, this system has been working successfully and contributing. Under the current framework of the Antarctic Treaty System, it is important to note that search and rescue activities in Antarctica will contribute substantially to Antarctic security. Besides, increasing participation in Antarctic activities will also definitely expand the presence of the relevant countries in Antarctica. As one of the main participants in Antarctic activities, China has important regional interests. Therefore, it is necessary for China to strengthen its presence and influence in Antarctica via increasing its participation in Antarctic search and rescue activities as well as updating relative equipment and abilities.