“早蓄晚灌”节水条件下轻简栽培模式对双季晚稻产量与物质转运特性的影响

Effect of Light and Simplified Cultivation Patterns on Yield and Material Transport Properties of Double-cropping Late Rice under Water-saving Conditions

为了探讨"早蓄晚灌"节水条件下轻简栽培模式对双季晚稻产量与物质转运的影响,于2016年在湖南省冷水滩区梯冲田进行了人工移栽、抛秧、机插秧的种植方式比较试验。结果表明,早稻旋耕人插人收+晚稻免耕人插人收模式的晚稻产量最高,较其他处理高1.03%~24.15%;产量与千粒重和每株有效穗数呈显著正相关;不同处理水稻茎鞘和叶片物质输出率为23.62%~37.79%,物质转换率为18.82%~40.47%,以早稻旋耕抛栽机收+晚稻免耕人栽机收模式最高;不同处理对水稻叶片转运特性的影响高于茎鞘,对物质输出率的影响高于物质转换率,对表观输出量的影响相对较低。综合考虑水稻产量、适度规模化生产和农村劳动力条件,开发适宜农机具,改进机插抛秧技术,梯冲田水稻生产应以早稻旋耕抛栽机收,早稻生长后期蓄水,晚稻免耕机插(抛栽)机收模式为宜。

To explore the effects of light and simple cultivation modes on yield and material transport of double-season late rice under water-saving conditions,a comparative trial of planting methods with artificial transplanting,machine-transplanted seeding and seedling slinging was conducted in the ladder ridge paddy area of Lengshuitan district,Hunan Province in 2016. The results showed that： the highest yield was obtained in the pattern of early rice with rotary tillage,artificial planting and manual harvesting and late rice with no-tillage,artificial planting and manual harvesting,which was 1. 03%-24. 15% higher than other treatments. Rice yield was positively correlated with 1000-grain weight and number of effective panicles per plant. The total output rate of stems and leaves of different treatments of rice reached to 23. 62%-37. 79%,and the material conversion rate was 18. 82%-40. 47%,which was the highest in the pattern of early rice with rotary tillage,scattered-planting and mechanical harvesting and late rice with no-tillage,artificial planting and mechanical harvesting. The effect of different treatments on the leaf transport characteristics of rice was higher than that of stems and sheaths,and the treatment effect on the material output rate was higher than the material conversion rate,and the im-pact on the apparent output was relatively lower. Overall considering the requirement of rice yield,large-scale production,labor shortage,the development of suitable agricultural machinery,improvement of rice seeding technology,and machinery harvest,the double cropping rice in the ladder ridge paddy was preferably the pattern of early rice with rotary tillage,seedling scattered planting and mechanical harvesting,saving water in the late growth stages of early rice and late rice with no-tillage,mechanical planting or throwing seedling and mechanical harvesting.