国外健康影响评价的研究和实践进展

Research and practice of health impact assessments abroad

健康影响评价（HIA）是推动把健康融入所有政策的重要手段。HIA帮助政策制订者预见不同的选择如何对健康产生影响，促使他们在选择时充分考虑健康结果。中国对HIA的运用目前尚属探索阶段，《＂健康中国2030＂规划纲要》提出要＂全面建立HIA评估制度，系统评估各项经济社会发展规划和政策、重大工程项目对健康的影响＂。本文从定义、起源与发展、作用、内容和实施程序等方面对国外HIA研究进行了介绍，同时结合新西兰城市规划设计和美国2009健康家庭法案的HIA典型实践经验，对探索建立适宜中国国情的HIA评估制度提出了建议，即加强对HIA政策法规方向的引导，加强对HIA理念的认识宣传和开展HIA评估技术研究。

Health Impact Assessment （HIA） is an important tool for promoting health in all policies. HIA helps decision-makers foresee how different factors can affect health, and to make choices between alternatives and improvements to prevent disease/injury, as well as to actively promote health. The Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline proposed the establishment of overall health impact assessment systems to systematically assess the potential health effects of various economic and social development programs and policies and important engineering projects on a population. This paper introduces international research on the definition, origin, development, function, contents, and implementation of HIA, as well as two typical practical examples, namely the HIA in Urban Design and Planning of Manukau, NZ, and the HIA of theHealthy Families Act of 2009, USA. Finally, the authors put forward suggestions for exploring and establishing the Chinese HIA system. Specifically, to strengthen the guidance of HIA to the direction of law and regulation, to promote the publicity and awareness of the HIA concept, and carry out research on HIA evaluation methodology and technical tools.