社区儿童水痘疫苗接种情况与影响因素分析

Analysis of vaccinations of chickenpox and influencing factors in community children

目的探讨社区儿童水痘疫苗接种情况与影响因素。方法随机选择2016年10月-2017年10月某社区480名儿童作为研究对象,自拟调查问卷,调查分析本组儿童水痘疫苗接种情况,以及影响本组水痘疫苗接种的因素。结果 480名儿童中接种水痘疫苗232名(48.33%)、未接种248名(51.67%);户籍为本市、家庭月收入>4000元、父母文化水平初中及以上的社区儿童接种率高于户籍为暂住、家庭月收入≤4000元及父母文化水平小学以下者,对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Logistic多元回归分析发现,户籍、家庭月收入与父母文化水平是本组社区儿童水痘疫苗接种的影响因素(P均<0.01)。结论户籍、家庭月收入与父母文化水平是影响社区儿童水痘疫苗接种的主要因素,相关部门应做好水痘疫苗接种知识宣教工作,增强社区人群对疾病与疫苗接种的认知度,继而提高水痘疫苗接种率,预防水痘的暴发与流行,保障儿童成长发育质量。

Objective To investigate the vaccinations of chickenpox and influencing factors in community children. Methods From October 2016 to October 2017,a total of 480 children in a community were randomly selected as the research subjects. A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to investigate the vaccination of chickenpox. The vaccination of chickenpox and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results 232 cases（ 48. 33%） of children were vaccinated with varicella and 248 cases（ 51. 67%） were not vaccinated. The vaccination rate of the children with household registration in this city,more than 4000 Yuan family monthly incomes,and their parents with junior high school or above educational levels was higher than that of the children with temporary household registration,less than 4000 Yuan family monthly incomes and their parents with primary school or lower educational levels. The difference was statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that household registration,family monthly income and parental education levels were the influencing factors of vaccinations of chickenpox in community children（ P〈0. 01）.Conclusion Household registration,family monthly income and parental cultural level are the main factors affecting the vaccination of chicken pox in community children. Therefore,the relevant departments should pay more attention to the knowledge propaganda and education for the vaccination of chickenpox,enhance the awareness of disease and vaccination in the community and then increase the vaccination rate of chickenpox and prevent the outbreak and epidemic of chickenpox. It can ensure the quality of the growth and development of children.