黄曲霉毒素B1对牦牛血清生化指标的影响及三种吸附剂处理的效应

The influence of aflatoxin B1 on serum biochemical indexes of yaks and effects of 3 kinds of adsorbent treatments

为了探讨黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）对牦牛血清生化指标的影响,以及三种吸附剂处理对AFB1的吸附效应,试验采用两因素四水平完全正交试验设计方法,将试验牛分为A组（20μg/kg AFB1）、B组（40μg/kg AFB1）、C组（60μg/kg AFB1）、对照组,吸附剂为蒙脱石（MMT）、酵母细胞壁提取物（YCW）、MMT＋YCW,分为Ⅰ组（MMT 50 g）、Ⅱ组（YCW 50 g）、Ⅲ组（MMT 25 g＋YCM 25 g）、对照组,测定血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、白蛋白（ALB）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、谷氨酰氨基转移酶（GGT）7个指标,以及瘤胃液AFB1、血清AFM1浓度。结果表明：C组AST、ALT、GGT活性显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,C组ALB含量显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,A组LDH活性极显著低于C组（P〈0.01）。三种吸附剂处理后,与对照组相比,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组ALB含量均呈升高趋势,AST、ALT、GGT活性及瘤胃液AFB1、血清AFM1浓度呈降低趋势。Ⅰ组ALB含量高于Ⅱ组（P〈0.01）、Ⅲ组（P〉0.05）及对照组（P〈0.01）,效应顺序为Ⅰ组〉Ⅲ组〉Ⅱ组。说明AFB1降低牦牛ALB含量,导致AST、ALT活性升高;AFB1对成年牦牛LDH的危害浓度为40μg/kg以上;三种吸附剂处理均可降低AFB1对牦牛血清生化指标的影响以及AFM1浓度,以MMT效果较好。

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of aflatoxin B1（ AFB1） on serum biochemical indexes of yaks and investigate the adsorption effect of three kinds of adsorbents on AFB1. The two factors and four levels complete orthogonal test design was adopted. There were four groups including group A（ 20 μg/kg AFB1）,group B（ 40 μg/kg AFB1）,group C（ 60 μg/kg AFB1） and control group in the experiment. The montmorillonite（ MMT）,yeast cell wall extract（ YCW） and MMT ＋ YCW were used as adsorbents,which were divided into groupⅠ（ MMT,50 g）,group Ⅱ（ YCW,50 g）,group Ⅲ（ MMT 25 g＋YCW 25 g） and control group. The serum biochemical indexes of aspartate aminotransferase（ AST）,alanine aminotransferase（ ALT）,albumin（ ALB）,alkaline phosphatase（ ALP）,lactate dehydrogenase（ LDH）,total bile acid（ TBA） and glutamyl transferase（ GGT） were measured,and the concentration of rumen AFB1 and blood AFM1 were also detected. The results showed that the activity of AST,ALT and GGT in group C was significantly higher than that of control（ P〈0. 05）,and the activity of ALB in group C was significantly lower than that of control（ P〈0. 05）,and the activity of LDH in group A was significantly lower than that of group C（ P〈0. 01）. Compared with the control group,the concentration of ALB in groupⅠ,groupⅡand group Ⅲ showed an increasing trend,the activity of AST,ALT,GGT and the concentration of rumen fluid AFB1,AFM1 showed an decreasing trend after treatment with three kinds of adsorbents.The content of ALB in groupⅠwas higher than that in group Ⅱ（ P〈0. 01）,group Ⅲ（ P〉0. 05） and control group（ P〈0. 01）. The order of effect was groupⅠ〉group Ⅲ 〉groupⅡ. AFB1 could decrease the content of ALB and increase the activities of AST and ALT in yak. The harmful concentration of AFB1 to LDH of adult yak is more than 40 μg/kg. The three kinds of adsorbent treatment could reduce the effect of AFB1 on the serum biochemical indexes of yak and the concentration of AFM1,among which MMT had better effect.