俄苏时期“非哥萨克化”历史解读

The Historical Explanation of "De-Cossackization" in Russia

哥萨克是俄国历史上一个特殊的军事阶层，在400多年的发展中经历了阶层的分化、“哥萨克化”和“非哥萨克化”。17至19世纪的“哥萨克化”基于俄国政府对外殖民扩张的需要，其结果是哥萨克阶层不断壮大。到19世纪末基于多种因素开始出现“非哥萨克化”现象。20世纪初期以前“非哥萨克化”是一种客观必然的现象，但自1917年转化为一个主观强制性的大运动，最终导致哥萨克阶层不复存在。

The Cossacks were a special military stratum in Russia. In its 400 years’ history, the Cossacks experienced "division","Cossackization",and "de-Cossackization". From the 17 th to the 19 th century,when the Russian government was in its high day of expansion and colonialism, "Cossackization " happened,which led to the fast growth of the Cossacks. But at the end of the 19 th century, "de-Cossackization" became visible due to various factors. "De-cossackization " means that the Cossacks volunteered or were forced to change their military lifestyle. Right before the beginning of the 20 th century, "de-Cossackization" had become inevitable. However, in 1917, it was turned into a compulsory campaign. After the 1917 revolution, "de-Cossackization " experienced four stages. "De-Cossackization" resulted in the decline and total disappearance of the Cossack stratum.