从心理战到公共外交:美国对外宣传战略及机制的嬗变(1945-1965)

From Psychological Warfare to Public Diplomacy:the Evolution of the United States’ Propaganda Strategies and Mechanism,1945-1965

战后初期，美国政府确定对外宣传政策的基本原则是“完整而公正”地展现美国形象。朝鲜战争爆发后，美国决策者转而奉行强势的反共宣传政策，不断强化对外宣传机制的建设。50年代中期后，美苏双边文化关系日益获得突破与发展，在形象修辞与反共论调的双重驱动下，美国最终形成了一个稳定而高效运行的公共外交结构。

In the early postwar period, the basic principle of foreign propaganda policy in the United States was to show the "full and fair" image of America. After the outbreak of the Korean war, the U.S policy makers carried out a hard-hitting anti-communist propaganda policy, and continuously strengthened its publicity mechanism. During the middle and late 1950 s, the bilateral cultural relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union was established and underwent gradual development. The United States eventually formed a stable and efficient public diplomacy, driven both by the image rhetoric and the anti-communist discourse.