儒道融通视角下的孔子思想——以孔子对老子思想的吸收转化为中心

On Confucius' Thought from the Perspective of Integration of Confucianism and Taoism——With his Absorption of Laozi' s thought as the Focus

孔子深知老子思想,多有创造性转化。他深知天道,但游离了返辅、有无相生等理念。且在天道外确立了人道——圣、知、仁、义、礼、乐,强调以此实现修齐治平之德。修身方面,融通了老子自虚、无欲、自损、处下之道。在任仕方面,接受了有道则显、无道则隐的思想。治国平天下方面,在老子无为之治、亲誉之治的基础上,转化出了大同、小康理念,且以前者为理想与历史,以后者为当时社会可行的现实道路,主张世人克己行礼,实现家天下的和谐。孔子虽别立宗门,实是儒道融通的典范。

Confucius, based on his profound understanding of Laozi ＇ s thought, created a new school after transformation of Laozi＇ ideas. For example, based on Way of Heaven, he invented ＂Way of Humans＂： the sage,wisdom, benevolence, righteousness, rituals and music. In terms of self-cultivation, he absorbed the ideas about being nothing, desire-lessness, self derogation and modesty from Laozi. In terms of career, he maintained serving the government in case of clear politics and secluding in case of a fatuous government. In the aspect of political thought, he proposed the idea of harmony and well-off society on the basis of Laozi＇ s political thought, and took the former one as the ideal and the history, and the latter as the realistic road of the society at that time. Overall,Confucius is a paradigm of integration of Confucianism and Taoism.