磁性附着体在可摘局部义齿中的应用

Application of Magnetic Attachment in Removable Partial Denture

目的观察磁性附着体覆盖义齿在修复牙列缺损中的临床效果，并比较整铸支架和普通树脂基托往磁体窝处的基托折断及隐裂情况。方法采用磁性附着体覆盖义齿修复多数牙齿缺失的牙列缺损患者共80例，均为单颌尖牙或双尖牙处安放1～2个磁性附着体，将其随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。观察组采用整体铸造支架修复，对照组采用普通树脂基托修复。随访12～18个月，观察基托隐裂或折断的发生率。结果经过临床观察与随访，安放磁性附着体的患者100％认为覆盖义齿美观度好、稳固、摘戴方便、进食效果良好。对两组义齿的复查结果显示，整铸支架组无一例在安放磁铁处发生基托折断，普通树脂基托组有8例在安放磁铁处发生基托折断或隐裂，两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论磁性附着体能明显改善覆盖义齿的固位及咀嚼效率，美观舒适，戴用义齿后并发症少，具有良好的远期效果。铸造支架组与普通基托组在荩托折断方面有明显差异，铸造支架可显著提高义齿基托的抗折强度，有效防止因安放磁性附着体而引起的基托折断或隐裂现象，具有良好的临床效果。

Objective To observe the clinical effects of magnetic attachment overdentures in repairing the dentition defect, and compare the base fracture and subfissure of one-piece cast frameworks and normal resin base in magnetic attachment nest. Methods A total of 80 dentition defect patients, which adopted magnetic attachment overdentures in repairing tooth loss, were placed 1-2 magnetic attachments in unilateral maxillary canines or bilateral canines. All patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group （40 cases in each group）. The patients in observation group adopted one-piece cast framework method, and the patients in control group adopted normal resin to repair. All patients were followed up for 12-18 months, and base subfissure and fracture were observed. Results After follow-up, all patients adopting magnetic attachment deemed that magnetic attachment overdenture has the characteristics of aesthetic degree, steadiness, free removal, and good effect in food and drink. The reexamination of two groups indicated that there was no base fracture in one-piece cast frameworks group, but there were 8 cases of base fracture and subfissures in normal resin group, which showed significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The magnetic attachment could improve retention and chewing efficiency, and has less complication. There were significant differences in base fracture between cast frameworks group and normal resin base group. The cast frameworks could significantly enhance the strength of denature base, and could effectively prevent fractures and subfissures due to magnetic attachment placement, which has favorable clinical effects.