1930年:红军崛起与革命重心向苏区转移

1930: The Rise of the Red Army and the Shift of the Revolutionary Center of Gravity to the Soviet Area

红军是1927年暴动中产生的新事物,最初在城市中心论的革命战略中不受重视,在中共组织体系中的定位也很模糊。初期的红军与中央、省委、地方组织的关系难以理顺,经常因此遭受损失。但是红军和苏区在中国农村显示出强大的生命力,在中共组织中的地位越来越高,逐渐从边缘走向中心。1929-1930年,国民党连续发生派系战争,红军在有利环境中迅速发展壮大,集中整编成大部队,成为影响全国政局的新兴力量。1930年是中共战略转移的关键之年,毛泽东在年初提出了中国革命新道路的思想,但李立三为核心的中央却让红军脱离苏区进攻大城市。共产国际逐渐认识到中国革命的特殊性,帮助中共中央纠正了"立三路线",周恩来和瞿秋白主持的六届三中全会确立了高度重视红军和苏区的新战略。六届四中全会后,战略转移速度加快,中央与红军逐步建立无线电联系,闽西通道在中央与苏区沟通中发挥重要作用,中共骨干大批被派入苏区,成立了中央局和中央分局,革命重心逐步从城市转移到农村苏区。

The Red Army was a new thing arising from the riots in 1927. It was ignored in the revolutionary strategy of the urban center,and its position in the organizational system of the Communist Party of China was also very vague. The relationship between the early Red Army and the Central Committee,the provincial Party committee and the local organizations was difficult to straighten out;and thus,the early Red Army often suffered losses. However,the Red Army and the Soviet area have shown great vitality in the rural areas of China. Therefore,its position in the Communist Party of China was getting higher and higher,and gradually moved from the edge to the center. During the1929-1930 years,the Kuomintang has endured a continuous factional war. The Red Army thus developed rapidly in a favorable environment and was concentrated into a large army,becoming a new force affecting the national political situation. 1930 was the key year for the strategic shift of the Communist Party of China. At the beginning of the year,Mao Zedong put forward the idea to establish a new path of China＇s revolution,but the Central Committee of Li Lisan let the Red Army break away from the Soviet Area and attack big cities. The Communist International gradually recognized the particularity of the Chinese revolution and helped the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to correct the ＂ Lisan route＂. In the third Plenary Session of the 6 th CPC Central Committee hosted by Zhou Enlai and Qu Qiubai,a new strategy to attach great importance to the Red Army and the Soviet Area was established. After the fourth Plenary Session of the 6 th CPC Central Committee,the speed of strategic transfer was quickened. The Central Committee and the Red Army gradually set up a radio link. The West Fujian corridor has played an important role in the communication between the central government and the Soviet area. A large number of the backbones of the CPC were sent to the Soviet Area,and the Central Bureau and the central sub Bureau were set up. The revolutionary center of gravity was gradually transferred from the city to the rural Soviet Area.