“政治无意识”:詹姆逊文本阐释学的“元理论”

Political Unconscious: The Meta-theory of Jameson’s Text Hermeneutics

马克思的生产方式符码是詹姆逊阐释学的主导符码。詹姆逊认为，文本是阶级斗争的场所，文本的阐释就是要发掘被边缘化和被压制的政治无意识，即阶级的集体意识和人类解放的乌托邦，意识形态和乌托邦是文本阐释的两个维度。詹姆逊的政治无意识理论借鉴中世纪阐释学的方法论和萨特、阿尔都塞和本雅明的理论资源，是马克思主义和弗洛伊德理论的一种混合。政治无意识是詹姆逊的元理论，詹姆逊从政治无意识出发，完成把后现代主义文化纳入马克思主义阐释学的理论构建。

Marx＇s code of production is the dominant code of Jameson＇s hermeneutics. Jameson believes that text is a place for class struggle. The interpretation of the text is to discover the political unconscious that has been marginalized and subjugated, that is, the collective consciousness of class and the utopia of human liberation. Ideology and utopia are two dimensions of textual interpretation. Jameson＇s political unconscious theory draws on medieval hermeneutic methodology and the theoretical resources of Sartre, Althusser, and Benjamin. It is a mixture of Marxism and Freudian theory. Political unconscious is Jameson＇s meta-theory. Jameson starts from political unconscious and completes the theoretical construction of incorporating postmodemism culture into Marxist hermeneutics.