政府主导、市场化进程与城乡收入差距

Government Dominance,Marketization and Urban-rural Income Gap

中国城乡收入差距演化与政府主导型经济特征、市场化进程密切相关,本文系统分析了政府主导、市场化进程对城乡收入差距的影响机理,提出待检验的研究假说,并采用中国1997—2014年省际面板数据进行实证检验。研究发现,政府主导型经济特征和市场化进程均加剧了中国城乡收入差距,但政府主导和市场化进程的协同可有效促进城乡收入差距收敛;市场化进程对城乡收入差距的影响存在显著的倒＂U＂型特征,即初始期市场化进程会扩大城乡收入差距,但当市场化水平达到一定程度后则会有效地缩小城乡收入差距;政府主导、市场化进程对城乡收入差距的影响存在显著的区域异质性特征,稳健性检验也支持这一结论。因此缩小城乡收入差距、实现城乡共享发展必须构建政府和市场二者有机融合的制度体系。

The gap of urban-rural income in China is closely related to the government dominance economy and the process of marketization. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanism of government led and market-oriented process on urban-rural income gap. A provincial panel data from 1997-2014 is employed to empirical tests. The results show that： the government dominance economy and the process of marketization have both exacerbated the urban-rural income gap,but the synergy of government led and market-oriented process can effectively promote the urban-rural income gap. There is a significant inverted ＂ U＂ type of characteristics of marketization process on urban-rural income gap. That is,in the initial period the process of marketization will expand the urban-rural income gap,but when the marketization level reaches a certain level,the process of marketization will effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap. In addition,the influence of government led and market-oriented process on urban-rural income gap has significant regional heterogeneity,and robustness tests also support this conclusion. So it is necessary to build a system of organic integration of government and market in order to narrowing the urban-rural income gap and realize shared development of urban and rural areas.