2015年四川省茂县中小学生视力状况及影响因素分析

Study on the Eyesight of Pupils and Middle School Students in Maoxian County of Sichuan Province and Analysis of Influencing Factors

目的了解和掌握四川省茂县在校中小学生视力状况与年龄、性别特征,为制定防控措施提供数据基础。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取四川省茂县7~18岁中小学生,利用对数视力表筛查学生视力,采用卡方检验、趋势检验和秩和检验的方法,分析不同年龄男女学生视力水平与差异。结果共收集到学生视力数据1 195人,学生视力不良检出率为41.6%,视力值中位数为5.0,不同年龄学生视力不良检出率有统计学意义的差异(χ~2=284.613,P<0.05),女生视力不良检出率高于男生(χ2=9.106,P<0.05),同时视力值低于男生(Z=5.92,P<0.05),左右眼视力不良检出率有较高的一致性(Kappa=0.814,P<0.05),随年龄增加,男女学生均出现视力不良程度加重(χ2趋势检验Gamma分别为0.608、0.534,P<0.05)。结论茂县中小学生视力不良检出率较高,女生和中高年级学生是视力不良防控的重点人群。

Objective To know the vision conditions in difference ages and genders of pupils and middle school students in Maoxian County of Sichuan Province so as to provide a data basis for devising prevention and control measures. Methods By using the method of stratification random sampling, pupils and middle school students aged from 7 to 18 were selected. Eyesight was inspected by using a logarithmi6 visual acuity chart. Chi - square, Trend test and Rank - sum test were used to analyze the data of vision conditions in students of different ages and genders. Results A total of 1 195 students were collected. The rate of poor eyesight was 41.6%, while the median vision value was 5.0. There were statistical differences among different ages in terms of the rate of poor eyesight （χ2 =284. 613, P 〈0.05）. The rate in the female students was higher than in male students （χ2 =9.106, P 〈0.05）, while the vision value was lower （Z =5.92, P 〈0.05）. Coherence of the rate was strong from left eye to right eye （Kappa = 0. 814, P 〈 0. 05）. With age increase, the conditions of poor eyesight of females or males were getting worse （ Chi - square trend test, Gamma = 0. 608, 0. 534, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The rate of poor eyesight in Maoxian County was high. Male students and mid- class and high-class students should be the key subject of poor eyesight prevention.