「～に～が」句式的性质及产生机制

On the Nature and Occurrence Mechanism of the "-ni-ga" Construction in Japanese

「～に～が」句式不表示在位格成分所指事物构成的"场"中,发生、存在某事态,而表示认知主体以位格成分所指事物为参照点,给以主格成分所指事物为核心构成的事态定位。「～に～が」句式中以主格成分所指事物为核心构成的事态之所以需要定位,与其本身不稳定,因而缺乏独立性有关。「～に～が」句式在同一语义范畴内或不同的语义范畴间分布不均匀,这是由于其与另一种句式,即双重主语结构竞争所致。

The ＂-ni-ga＂ construction pattern does not indicate that an event occurs or exists in a setting, but indicates that the conceptualizer locates the event, which is organized around the thing that the nominative component refers to, with the refer- ence-point, which is the thing that the locative component refers to. The reason why the event, which is organized around the thing that the nominative component refers to, needs to be located is that it is unstable, thus it lacks independence. The ＂-ni-ga＂ construction is not distributed evenly in the same semantic category or between the different semantic categories. This results from its competition with other constructions, i.e. the double subject construction.