时间-活动模式调查方法及其在空气污染物暴露评价中的应用

Review of survey method for human time-activity pattern and its application in the exposure assessment of air pollutants

时间-活动模式是指人们在不同地点进行各种活动的时间和行为。当人们处于不同环境或进行各种行为活动时对污染的暴露水平不同，因此，在空气污染暴露评价中，当不能进行直接的个体暴露测量时，将研究对象的时间-活动模式信息应用于暴露评价中将有助于提高评价结果的准确性。本文将就人群时间-活动模式的调查方法及其在空气污染物暴露评价中的应用进行综述，通过对问卷调查法和全球定位系统（GPS）法进行介绍与比较，认为问卷调查法可以获得更为全面和详细的行为活动以及环境信息，而GPS法在记录调查对象时间、位置和交通出行方面更加准确可靠。同时，空气污染物暴露评价模型按照评估的对象可分为人群水平模型和个体水平模型，两类模型所需的时间-活动模式信息、微环境浓度信息及具体的获取方法都存在较大的差别。

Time activity pattern refers to the time and behavior of people at different locations. The knowledge of time-activity pattern is essential for air pollution exposure assessment when direct personal exposure monitoring can＇t not be conducted, because air pollutant concentrations may vary significantly by location and activity. This review is focused on the survey method for human time-activity pattern and its application in the exposure assessment of air pollutants. After comparing the diary-reported trips and Global Positioning System （GPS） recording method, we believed that diary-reported trips were more reliable in describing comprehensive and detail records of the behavior and environmental circumstances while GPS-recorded trend to maintain sound information of time, location and transportations. Meanwhile, according to different subjects, the air pollution exposure model could be divided for population and individuals. There were great difference between two types of model in many areas, including the required information about time, activity and microenvironment.