辨姜及其炮制品药理和临床运用特点

Pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Zingiber officinale and its processed products

生姜、干姜、生姜汁、炮姜和煨姜均源于植物姜的根茎,5者皆同出一物,为临床常用中药,但炮制方法完全不同,性味归经及功效特点亦有差异。探究姜不同炮制品临床运用之异,当首推《伤寒杂病论》,书中所载经方用姜者数量近半,涉及生姜、干姜、生姜汁及炮姜等品种。现代研究亦发现诸姜所含化学成分含量亦不完全相同,药理作用也各有偏重,故它们的运用不能混为一谈。然而,临证时医家常遇药源不足或炮制不当之状,故目前诸姜临床运用较为混乱。因此,该文通过梳理诸姜源流、炮制方法及化学成分,对比它们的性味归经及药理作用,总结其功效特点及运用规律,以期为诸姜的合理使用提供理论依据。

Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,Zingiberis Rhizoma,ginger juice,Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum and roasted ginger are derived from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. They are commonly used herbs in clinical application,but their processing methods are completely different,leading to different properties and flavors,meridian distributions,and efficacy characteristics from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine（ TCM）. In order to distinguish the clinical applications of different processed gingers,it’s advisable to learn from Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases. Almost half of the prescriptions in the book contain Zingiber officinale,involving Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens,Zingiberis Rhizoma,ginger juice,Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum and other species. In addition,many researches have confirmed that the contents of chemical compositions contained in different processed gingers were not exactly the same,and their pharmacological effects were also different,thus their applications could not be confused. However,physicians often encounter drug shortage or improper processing in clinical practice,contributing to the current chaotic use of different processed gingers. Therefore,this paper aims at sorting out the sources,processing methods,and chemical compositions,comparing their properties,flavors,meridian distributions,and pharmacological effects,and summarizing the efficacy characteristics and application rules in TCM theory of different processed products,with the hope to provide theoretical foundations for their reasonable use.