基于能量平衡与拥塞控制的蚁群优化路由协议

Ant Colony Optimization Routing Protocol Considering Energy Balance and Congestion Control

为降低移动自组网中数据包传输的能量消耗和拥塞现象,提出一种兼顾能量平衡与拥塞控制的蚁群优化路由协议.该路由协议以AODV路由协议为基础,包括路由发现和路由维护两个阶段.在路由发现阶段,采用蚁群优化算法选择具有最大剩余能量、最小路径花费和最小时延变化的最优节点构建路由.在路由维护阶段,监控节点的能量阈值级别和路径能量花费,限制能量不满足条件的节点或者路径传输数据,降低能量消耗,提高网络寿命;使用GPRS技术快速检测链路断开现象,维护路由稳定.仿真结果表明,该路由协议传输数据所需平均跳数少、报文送达率高、端到端延时少.

For reducing the energy consumption and congestion of packet transmission in mobile ad hoc networks, it proposes an ant colony optimization routing protocol which takes into account energy balance and congestion control. The routing protocol is based on the AODV routing protocol, including two phases： route discovery and route maintenance. In the route discovery phase, the ant colony optimization algorithm is used to select the optimal nodes with maximum residual energy, minimum path cost and minimum delay variation for route construction. In the route maintenance phase, it monitors node＇s energy threshold level and path energy cost, to limit package transmission on the nodes or paths whose energy does not meet the conditions, for reducing energy consumption and improving life of network; and uses GPRS technology to quickly detect the link disconnection, for maintaining stability of route. The simulation results show that, this routing protocol requires less average hop count, high packet delivery rate and less end-to-end delay.