住院精神分裂症患者环境色偏好及影响因素

Environmental color preference and influencing factors of inpatients with schizophrenia

目的探讨住院精神分裂症患者对室内环境色的偏好特点及影响因素。方法研究纳入1320例精神分裂症住院患者进行室内环境色偏好测验，采用自制一般情况问卷、艾森克人格问卷、阳性和阴性症状量表进行调查，并与正常对照组进行颜色偏好比较。结果（1）精神分裂症组与对照组在绿（Z=-2．587，P=0．010）、蓝（Z=-2.708，P=0．007）、白（Z=-2．733，P=0．006）、灰（Z=-7．409，P〈0．01）的偏好程度上差异有统计学意义，两组颜色偏好顺序等级相关（β-=0．750，U=2．710，P〈0．01）。（2）患者性别、年龄、居住地、躯体疾病、首发年龄、临床亚型、阳性症状、阴性症状、住院时间、住院次数、精神质、神经质、内外向等因素与颜色偏好显著相关（r=0．010～0．216或r=-0．122～-0．054，P〈O．05），并能进入颜色偏好的回归方程（β=0．104～0．055或β=-0．091～-0．056，P〈0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者最有意义的颜色偏好为红色和黑色，可能与其认知功能及人格特征有关。

Objective To explore the preference and influencing factors of environment color of inpatients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 1 320 schizophrenic inpatients were enrolled in the study. The self-made general questionnaire, the Eysenck personality questionnaire, the positive and negative symptom scale were used in this survey and the color preference was compared with the normal control group. Resuits （1）The preference degree was significantly different in green（ Z=-2.587,P=0.010） ,blue（ Z= -2.708,P=0.007） ,white（Z= -2.733,P= 0.006） and grey（ Z= -7.409,P〈0.01 ） between the two groups, and the sequence of color preference was consistent（ r= 0.750, U= 2.710,P〈0.01 ）. （2） Gender, age, place of residence, physical disease, starting age, disease subtype, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, hospitalization time, hospitalization frequency, psychoticism and neuroticism, internal and external factors were significantly related to color preferences（ r= 0.010-0,216 or r=-0.122- -0.054 ,P〈0.05）, which would be the influence factors to color preferences（β= 0.104-0.055 or β=-0.091- -0.056,P〈0.05）. Conclusion The most significant color preferences for patients with schizophrenia are red and black, which may be related to their cognitive function and personality characteristics.