我国科技评估的法律实现机制研究——以国外科技评估立法实践为分析视角

Perfecting the Path Choice of China's Science and Technology Evaluation Legislation:From the Perspective of Foreign Science and Technology Evaluation Legislation Practice

科技评估是由专业化的评估机构运用客观科学的指标体系和切实可行的方法对科技政策实施、科技活动开展、科技计划部署、科技投入的产出效益等方面所进行的专业咨询和绩效测量活动。科技评估肇始于政府科技决策、科技管理和科技创新的内在需求以及现实发展,并且逐渐与市场经济有机结合,成为科技管理创新和优化科技资源配置的重要管理手段和必备实施环节。本文以发达国家的科技评估体系为研究对象,通过梳理美国、日本、欧盟等国家和地区组织在科技评估领域取得的成绩和先进立法经验,立足于我国科技评估的发展现状和立法缺陷,围绕着立法理念、评估主体、评估程序、责任承担和救济制度等方面探究我国科技评估的法律实现机制。

Scientific and technological assessment is a performance measurement carried out by professional evaluation agencies of the implementation of science and technology policies and projects and its actual results of their implementation. Science and technology assessment began in in the related decision-making process of the government and the real needs and development trends of science and technology management and innovation, gradually integrates with the market mechanism, and has become an indispensable and important part of scientific and technological management and innovation. By examining the advanced experience of scientific and technological assessment in developed countries such as the United States and Japan, this paper shows that institutionalization and legal construction are the inevitable choice to perfect that evaluation system. On the basis of analyzing and drawing lessons from the experience of foreign advanced legislation, this paper tries to summarize the current situation and the bottleneck of China＇s assessment, to further improve our country＇s science and technology, and, on the basis of legislative guarantee, organization, function and function, to assess the legislative path and legal mechanism to make recommendations.