汉语框架卫星语素探析

A probe into the Chinese framing satellites

在Talmy类型学中,动词的框架卫星语素表征宏事件核心图式,是决定宏事件表征形式类型学特征的重要参数。通过定性研究发现,汉语此类卫星语素:1)常出现在动结式、动趋式和位置词短语中,表征运动、体相、状态变化、行为关联和实现五类宏事件核心图式;2)包括动结式的结果补语、动趋式的趋向补语、个别空间位置词以及方位构式等;3)有不同表征方式,呈现出动态性:一方面,同一卫星语素可以表征不同类别宏事件的不同核心图式;另一方面,不同卫星语素可以表征同一宏事件的同一核心图式的不同语义成分。

In the Talmyan typology, framing satellites of verbs represent the core schemata of macro-events, which constitute a prominent parameter in the determination of typological features for the representation of macro-events. Based on a qualitative study, this type of Chinese satellites is found to demonstrate the following characteristics ： 1 ） They frequently emerge in such syntactic units as resultative constructions, vector constructions and adpositional phrases, representing the core schemata of five types of macro-events, namely, motion, temporal contouring, state change, action correlating and realization. 2 ） Their scope covers the resultative comp]ements of resultative constructions, the vector complements of vector constructions, a small set of spatial adpositions, locative constructions and so on. 3）They are represented in different ways, thus demonstrating the feature of being dynamic. On the one hand, the same satellite can represent different core schemata of different types of macro- events, and on the other, different satellites can represent different semantic components of the same core schema of the same macro-event.