危重先天性室间隔缺损的外科治疗

Surgical treatment of critical congenital ventricular septal defect

先天性心脏病的发病率约为1%,是我国主要的新生儿出生缺陷。其中先天性室间隔缺损(VSD)是最常见的先天性心脏病,单纯先天性VSD约占先天性心脏病总数的20%~30%,是先天性心脏病外科手术治疗的主要疾病。大型VSD血液在心室水平左向右分流量大,肺循环充血严重,几乎都多合并有明显的肺动脉高压,影响心脏和肺脏功能。患儿在出生早期就会出现充血性心力衰竭和反复的呼吸道感染,生长发育落后而处于危重状态,内科治疗效果差,病死率较高,是常见的危重先天性心脏病之一,需要及时有效的手术干预。外科手术治疗在危重先天性VSD的救治中具有重要的意义。

The incidence of congenital heart disease is about 1%. It is the major neonatal birth defect in China. Congenital ventricular septal defect（VSD） is the most common congenital heart disease, and simple congenital VSD is about 20%-30% of the total number of congenital heart disease, which is the main disease of congenital heart disease. Large VSD blood has large left to right flow in the ventricular level,severe pulmonary circulation hyperemia, almost all combined with obvious pulmonary hypertension, which affects heart and lung function. Congestive heart failure and recurrent respiratory tract infection will occur in the early period of birth, which lead to physical retardation and critical state. Due to poor medical treatment and high mortality, it is one of the most common critical congenital heart disease. It is necessary to need timely and effective surgical intervention. Surgical treatment has the vital significance in the severe congenital VSD.