血管性痴呆危险因素的研究进展

The research progression of the risk factors for vascular dementia

血管性痴呆(VD)是一种仅次于阿尔茨海默病引起老年痴呆的疾病,因其发病率高且因缺乏特效药物治疗而严重影响患者生活质量,对于家庭与社会而言,亦是一种沉重的负担,越来越受到人们的重视。VD是一种因出血性或缺血性脑损伤导致的认知功能障碍的临床综合征。因其复杂的病理生理,使得当前对其认识仍然有限。随着人口老龄化和不断增长的心脑血管疾病患者,VD患者在未来几十年中可能会越来越多,据2004年统计,VD患者占所有痴呆患者的15%~20%,而预计到2050年,这一数字将翻倍。本文对VD的危险因素进行综述分析,以提高广大医务工作者对这一疾病的认识。

Vascular dementia（VD） is the second most cause of dementia after Alzheimer＇s disease. It significantly declines the quality of life of patients, considering the high morbidity and limited treatment, VD is a big burden for the family and society, and has been paid more and more attention. VD, caused by ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury, is characterized by cognitive impairment. The pathogenesis of VD is incompletely understood due to its complex pathophysiology at present. With aging population and increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of patients, the number of patients with VD could significantly increase in the coming decades. According to the statistical data at 2004, patients with VD account for 15%-20% of all types of dementia. However, the number is expected to double by 2050. To improve understanding of the disease for many clinical doctors, the risk factors of VD will be discussed in this review.