公平与效率视角下排污权有偿分配机制的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Paid Distribution of Polluting Emissions from the Perspective of Equity and Efficiency

排污权分配的公平性和分配效率是衡量排污权分配有效性的关键。针对我国排污权有偿分配与交易政策实施过程中,排污权分配的公平性和分配效率问题,从实验设计角度对不同分配方式和定价策略的分配公平性和分配效率进行研究,结果表明:排污权分配方式和定价策略是影响分配公平性和分配效率的两个因素。在低价策略下,依据产量分配的公平性和分配效率均优于依据排污量分配。这个结果与排污权免费分配下的结果一致。但是在高价策略下,排污权依据产量分配和依据排污量分配两种分配方式的分配公平性和分配效率的差异不显著。因此,与免费分配相比,在排污权有偿分配规则下,定价策略使得依据产量分配和依据排污量分配两种分配方式的分配公平性和分配效率发生改变。排污权的定价策略对有偿分配的公平性和分配效率的影响显著,并且低价策略下分配的公平性和分配效率均优于高价策略。

The equity and distribution efficiency of the distribution of emission rights are the key to measuring the effectiveness of the distribution of emission rights. In the view of the equity and distribution efficiency of the distribution of emission rights during the implementation process of our country's paid distribution of polluting emissions and trading policy,the research on the different distribution methods and pricing strategies from the perspective of experimental design showed that: The distribution method and pricing strategy are two factors that affect the equity and distribution efficiency. Under the low-price strategy,the fairness and distribution efficiency based on output distribution are better than those based on the discharge of pollutants. This result is consistent with the result of the free allocation of emission rights. However,under the high-price strategy,there is no significant difference in the equity and efficiency between the two types of distribution methods,one of which is based on production and the other emission.