希腊化时代马其顿人的身份认同

The Identity of Macedonian in Hellenistic Period

在希腊化时代,奥林匹克运动会已接纳非王室血统的马其顿人参赛。马其顿王国和希腊本土的一些希腊人在外交场合强调彼此属同一种族,说同一种语言,用此话语来谋求团结,应对正在西方兴起的罗马帝国主义的威胁。东方各民族仍延续以往传统,将马其顿人归入希腊人的范畴之内。马其顿人就由原来经常被希腊人认为且自认为与希腊人不同的一个族群变成了希腊人内部的一个次族群。这种族群身份得到了马其顿人自身、希腊人和外族人的一致认可。不过,马其顿认同并没有完全被希腊认同所遮蔽。在相关史料较多的托勒密埃及可以看到,马其顿人能够拥有国王的"同族人"身份,这是一种被置于希腊集体身份当中的更值得自豪的特殊荣誉身份。本土的埃及人也不缺少获得希腊人和马其顿人身份的社会机会。在希腊化世界里,马其顿人身份认同依然处于动态建构之中。

In the Hellenistic period,the Olympic Games had accepted Macedonians who did not come from royal families. Some Greeks emphasized that they were the same race and spoke the same language in diplomatic occasions with the aims to seek solidarity in response to the threat of the Roman imperialism. The ethnic groups continued their tradition of keeping the Macedonians within the Greek category and the Macedonians became a sub-group of the Greeks from the group that had traditionally been considered as a different one by Greeks and Macedonians. This racial identity was endorsed by the Macedonians,Greeks and foreigners. However,the identity of Macedonian was not completely covered by Greek identity. Based on many historical data,the Macedonians had the identity of a " family" of the king,which was a greater honor than being placed in Greek collective identity. The native Egyptians did not lack social opportunities to acquire the Greek and Macedonian identity. In the Hellenized world,Macedonian identity was still under dynamic construction.