渭南市2017年犬伤门诊暴露人群流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of outpatients exposed to rabies in Weinan City in 2017

目的分析2017年渭南市犬伤门诊暴露人群流行病学特征及暴露后处置情况，为狂犬病防制策略的制定提供科学依据。方法采用Excel2007录入渭南市犬伤门诊报告的病例资料，对暴露人群处置分析采用SPSS13.0统计软件。分类资料的统计分析采样χ2检验。结果2017年渭南市犬伤门诊共接诊32094例，年暴露率625.64/10万。动物咬伤事件主要发生在春夏季，占全年47.47%。不同年龄暴露差异有统计学意义（χ2＝15.858，P＝0.003）。农民暴露人群构成比最高，为52.34%。门诊伤口处置及疫苗接种率为89.6%，Ⅲ级暴露人群狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种率为46.93%。结论应实施以强制免疫家养和收容流浪犬类为主的综合措施，同时加强狂犬病防制宣传，是防治人类狂犬病发生的良好途径。

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of outpatients exposed to rabies and to analyze the post-exposure prophylaxis in Weinan City in 2017 in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of rabies.MethodsClinical data of all outpatients with exposure to rabies in Wei-nan were collected.Ecxcel 2007 was used for data entry and SPSS13.0 for Chi-square test.ResultsA total of 32 094 cases were reported with an annual exposure rate of 625.64/100 000 in Weinan in 2017.Animal bites mainly occurred in spring and summer, accounting for 47.47% of the total cases in 2017.There were statistically differences in exposure rate among different age groups （χ2=15.858, P=0.003）. Farmers accounted for the largest proportion of the outpatients exposed to rabies （52.34%）. Among 31 435 outpatients, 28 181（89.65%） received wound care and rabies vaccination.The vaccination rate of rabies immunoglobulin for patients with grade Ⅲ exposure was 46.93%.ConclusionComprehensive measures with focuses on compulsory vaccination for domestic dogs and adoption of stray dogs should be implemented to prevent human rabies.Meanwhile, health education rabieson prevention and control should also be strengthened.