论“以审判为中心”对侦查取证的指引作用

Guidance of “trial centralism” on investigative collection of criminal evidence

以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革全面贯彻证据裁判规则。以此为契机,通过充分发挥"以审判为中心"对侦查取证的指引作用,矫正已往侦查中心主义刑事诉讼实践中存在的取证质量粗糙问题,使侦查取证有针对性地围绕审判程序的要求展开。基于现代刑事证据审查的双层机制,审判阶段的证据能力与证明标准规范对侦查取证具有双重指引作用。在第一重指引作用中,基于维护程序公正和实现实体公正的目标,"以审判为中心"对侦查获取证据之证据能力的审查态度趋于严格,侦查主体要重视审判要求、恪守取证规范,积极确保取证的程序质量。在第二重指引作用中,"以审判为中心"要求侦查主体参照法定证明标准的相关要求收集证据、形塑证据体系,侦查主体要重点关注证据的全面性与全案证据"排除合理怀疑"的标准,充分保障取证的实体质量。依靠上述指引作用,在证据层面实现侦查与审判的正向配合、审判对侦查的反向制约,推动形成以审判为中心的现代化刑事诉讼模式。

The trial-centered reform for criminal procedure fully implements the rule of evidence adjudication. As an opportunity, by making full use of the ＂trial-centered＂ reform to guide the investigative collection of criminal evidence, the problem of poor quality of evidence in the ＂investigation-centered＂ criminal practice in the past would expect to be fixed, so as to make it meet with the requirements of trial proceedings. Based on the two-tier mechanism of modern criminal evidence review, rules of admissibility of evidence and standard of proof at trial stage have double-guiding effect for investigative collection of criminal evidence. Firstly, for maintaining procedural justice and realizing substantive justice, the ＂trial-centered＂ approach tends to be strict while reviewing the admissibility of criminal evidence. The investigators should pay attention to the trial requirements, strictly comply with related evidence rules, and ensure the quality of procedures for collecting evidence. Secondly, ＂trial-centered＂ approach requires investigators referring to the requirements of legal standard of proof while collecting evidence and form evidence system. They should focus on the comprehensiveness of evidence and the standard of ＂beyond reasonable doubt＂, so that the substantive quality of evidence collection could be ensured adequately. Relying on the above-mentioned guidance, by realizing the positive cooperation between investigation and the trial court in aspect of evidence and the reverse constraints imposed by trial on the investigation process, the formation of the modern trial-centered criminal proceedings would be promoted.