荣成湾14种海洋经济生物体中的重金属水平与食用风险初步评价

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ON HEAVY METAL LEVELS AND FOOD RISK IN 14 ECONOMIC ORGANISMS OF THE RONGCHENG BAY

本文以荣成湾近岸海域14种经济生物体为研究对象,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)对其体内Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As等7种重金属的含量进行了测定,采用单因子污染指数法(SFI)和金属污染指数法(MPI)对重金属污染程度和食用安全质量进行了评价,在此基础上,以日摄食量(DI)和目标危害系数(THQ)为考量指标,评估了人体摄食可能存在的健康风险。结果表明,14种经济生物体重金属平均含量Zn>Cu>Cr>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,7种重金属含量在14种经济生物体中存在一定的差异。对比海洋生物质量国家标准,14种经济生物体中Pb与部分贝类生物体中Zn和Cr稍有超标,8种经济生物体中总As和1种生物体中Pb含量超出人体消费卫生标准。人体暴露风险评估表明,红螺、三疣梭子蟹、星鳗、高眼鲽和棒锥螺中Pb和As的THQ大于1,摄食其有潜在的非致癌健康风险。综合研究结果提示,在人体正常摄食海产品水平下,不存在大的食品安全风险。

To assess potential local seafood safety, concentrations of 7 heavy metals（Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As） in 14 economic organisms of the Rongcheng Bay were determined in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） and atomic fluorescence spectrometry against applicable national standards using single factor index and metal pollution index. In addition, to evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals, daily intake and target hazard quotient（THQ） were calculated and analyzed. An overall descending order of heavy metal levels in 14 economic organisms was determined as Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉As〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg, but varied to some degrees among the organisms. Results show that Pb was slightly above applicable hygienic standard for human consumption in all the 14 economic organisms, Zn and Cr in some shellfish, and As in 8 organisms. The THQ analysis identified a non-carcinogenic health risk for Pb and As from Rapana thomasiana, Portunus trituberculatus, Astroconger myriaster, Cleisthenes herzensteini, and Turritella bacillum. In overall, no serious food safety risk in normal intake of seafood was revealed.