直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的内镜诊治进展

Endoscopic treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors

直肠是胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumors,NETs)最常见的发生部位之一.近年来随着结肠镜筛查的普及,直肠NETs的检出率较以前显著升高,且绝大部分是无周围侵犯和远处转移的局限期病变.因此内镜下治疗成为直肠NETs的主要治疗手段.目前主要应用的内镜治疗方法包括内镜下黏膜切除术、内镜下黏膜剥离术和经肛内镜微创手术等.临床应用中上述方法不断被改进,互有优势,互相补充,极大地提高了直肠NETs的完整切除率和远期疗效.

The rectum is one of the most frequent location where gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （NETs） are found. With the increasingly widespread availability of colonoscopy screening, the detection rate of rectal NETs has markedly increased, most of which are localized lesions without regional invasion or distant metastasis. Therefore, endoscopic resection is acknowledged as a leading therapeutic approach. Endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, and transanal endoscopic microsurgery are therapies that have been prevalently applied and technically improved in recent years, which assure increasing complete resection rate and good overall prognosis.