当前我国基于不同产权的主要农业经营方式分析

Analysis of main agricultural management modes based on different property rights in China

基于农业生产资料所有权为核心的产权制度不同,形成了不同的农业经营模式和农业经营方式,进而出现了不同的农村集体经济实现形式。基于效率与公平视角,从"产生的收益更大,获益的人数更多"两方面审视农村集体经济实现形式的"有效性",以乡村振兴的"产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕"五个方面作为具体衡量标准,对不同农业经营方式进行比较,家庭经营、雇工经营、集体经营、合作经营各有优缺点。但从集体经济的本质属性和农村经济社会的长远发展上看,集体经营、合作经营基础上的生产方式和实现形式,更能促进人们之间的平等合作与联合,更有利于解决农民共同富裕、社区治理、农村基础建设和公共事业发展等问题,更有利于提高农民的组织化程度,形成良性的社会治理秩序。

Different property rights system based on the ownership of agricultural means of production has formed different modes of agricultural management,causing different forms of rural collective economy. From the perspective of efficiency and fairness,the paper examines the "effectiveness"of rural collective economic realization form from two aspects of "greater income and more beneficiaries"and compares different models of agricultural management with five aspects of the rural revitalization as specific standards. It put forward that family management,employee employment,collective management and cooperative operation have their own advantages and disadvantages. However,in the view of the essence of collective economy and the long-term development of rural economy and society,the production mode and the realization form based on collective operation and cooperative operation can better promote equal cooperation and union among people,are more conducive to solving the problems of common prosperity of farmers,community governance,rural infrastructure construction and development of public utilities,and are more conducive to improving the organizational level of farmers and forming a benign social governance order.