晚清中西蚕学知识的交流与互动——以蚕微粒子病防治为中心

The Exchanges of Sericultural Knowledge between China and the West in the Late Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of Pebrine in France and China

19世纪中期,蚕微粒子病的爆发几乎摧毁了欧洲养蚕业。为解决这一危机,意大利卡斯特拉尼考察团于1859年来华寻求良方,不仅无功而返,反将此病引入中国。1865年,巴斯德制种法的发明成功挽救了欧洲养蚕业。1889年,为解决中国的蚕病问题,江生金在倪恩投、康发达等人的安排下,成为最早赴法学习蚕学的中国人。随后,福州船政学堂留学生郑守箴也在法国学习蚕学并翻译《喝茫蚕书》,系统介绍了巴斯德制种法。中西方为解决蚕微粒子病互相学习和借鉴的过程,反映了晚清中西农学交流的独特面貌。

In the mid-nineteenth century, the outbreak of pebrine almost destroyed European sericulture industry. In 1859, the Italian delegation led by G. B. Castellani came to China to seek the remedy for this dis- ease. However, it turned out that they returned empty-handed and unexpectedly brought this disease into Chi- na. In 1865, Louis Pasteur developed a special method, successfully saving the sericuhure in Europe. In 1889, in order to cure the disease, arranged by Natalis Rondot and F. Kleinw^chter, Jiang Shengjin became the first Chinese pursuing sericuhural knowledge in France. Subsequently, Zheng Shouzhen, a student of the Foochow Arsenal, spontaneously acquired sericultural knowledge in France, and translated Manuel du Magnanier into Chinese entitled Hemang Canshu, the earliest book systematically introducing Pasteur＇s method to China. The Sino-Western interaction concerning the prevention and treatment of pebrine reveals the characteristics of the exchanges of agricultural knowledge between China and the West in the late Qing dynasty.