直面死亡:北朝墓志文学中的生命意识

Face Death Directly:the Consciousness of Life in the Northern Dynasties' Epitaph Literature

学界对北朝文学的印象,常常基于《周书》中的论断:"章奏符檄,则粲然可观;体物缘情,则寂寥于世。"北朝传世文学文献中更多实用性文本,对于生命本身的感怀,并不多见。大量北朝墓志文学的出土,为以上话题提供了更多的参考。在北朝墓志中,书写者直面死亡这一堪称生命中最为重大的问题,集中体现了时人对生命的关注、对生命的体悟,流露出强烈的生命悲剧意识,值得特别关注。而关于北朝文学"体物缘情,寂寥于世"的论断也有必要重新思考。

Researchers generally believe that Literature in the Northern Dynasties was usually created for practical purposes rather than expressing emotion. This argument is roughly accurate if the Northern Dynasties ＇ epitaph literature is not included in the discussion. In the epitaphs of Northern Dynasties,writers face the most important problem in life,namely,death,directly. The epitaph literature embodies the attention and understanding of life and reveals the strong sense of life tragedy,which deserves special attention.