认知语义学视野下“上来”的意义和用法考察

An Investigation of the Meanings and Uses of “Shang lai” under the View of Cognitive Semantics

在现代汉语普通话中,"上来"可以作谓语中心,也可以作补语。它既可以用于空间域,表示由高到低、由远及近的位移运动,又可以用于时间域表示活动的开始、动作的成功或事物的出现,还可以用于度量域,表示程度的加深或数量的增多。从空间域用法到时间域用法的演变是时空隐喻这种本体隐喻驱动的。从空间域用法到度量域用法是方位隐喻驱动的。"上来"在空间域内从表示由高到低的位移运动到表示由远及近的位移运动,这种演变是由意象图式的心理旋转驱动的。

In Mandarin,＂shang lai＂ may appear as the predicate of a sentence or the complement of the predicate. It means the movement upwards or towards speakers in spatial domain,the beginning or achievement of an action,the appearance of something in temporal domain,as well as deepening of the extent or the increase of number in degree domain. The change from the use in spatial domain to the one in temporal domain is motivated by the ＂time as space＂metaphor as an ontological metaphor. The change from the use in spatial domain to the one in degree domain,is motivated by the＂up is more,up is many＂metaphor as an orientational metaphor. This evolution is driven by the mental rotation of image schema.