《赵正书》与西汉前期的秦末记忆

Zhaozheng Shu and the Memory of Qin Dynasty in the Early Western Han Dynasty

有关秦末的历史记载,过去多依赖《史记》相关纪传。本文利用新披露的北大汉简《赵正书》,结合相近时代文献,对西汉前期秦末史事叙述的多样性进行考察。分析当时人对二世继位问题的不同表述,认为《赵正书》《过秦论》等的秦二世合法继位观念,应承袭自秦二世元年诏书一类文献,秦时胡亥为合法嗣位至西汉早期仍有影响。对《赵正书》中的甘泉置,结合《史记》所记始皇出行路线,可知为设置于咸阳附近的甘泉宫。对秦亡记载,不同文献对秦"外无敌"的一致表述以及章邯与秦廷的微妙关系等的记载,都丰富了我们对这段历史的认知。

In the past,the records about the history around the end of the Qin Dynasty are mainly based on relevant chapters in Shi Ji. However,using the newly disclosed text of Zhaozheng Shu in the Beijing University＇s collection of Han Dynasty Bamboo Manuscripts,with reference of some other scattered literature in the similar era,this paper finds out the diversity of the narratives of that history in the early Western Han Dynasty. People in that time have different expression on the throne succession issue. The idea of the legitimacy of Hu Hai as the second successor of Qin Emperor in Zhaozheng Shu and Guo Qin Lun etc.,should be inherited from an edict in the first year of the Second Emperor. The view of his legitimacy was still influential in the early period of the Western Han Dynasty. As for the ＂Ganquan Zhi＂mentioned in Zhaozheng Shu,according to the travel route recorded in Shi Ji,it should be regarded as the Ganquan Palace near Xianyang. Besides,the record of the fall of the Qin Dynasty,the unanimous expression of Qin＇s＂outside invincibility＂in different literatures,and the subtle relationship between Zhang Han and Qin Court,all of these have enriched our cognition of the history in this period.