工资收入视角下的城镇居民的教育回报

The education return for urban residents from the perspective of wage income

利用中国居民收入项目调查提供的CHIP数据,基于明瑟收入方程,分析了城镇居民的教育回报并分解了工资收入差距。结果显示:劳动力的受教育程度与工作经验构成的人力资本变量同个体收入呈正相关,个体受教育程度越高则收入报偿越高;在纠正了样本选择偏差后,测得城镇居民的教育回报由6.8%上升到8.1%,验证了工作经验与个体增收间的"倒U型"曲线关系;异质型的教育回报在分位数回归下呈"倒U型"的曲线分布,位于收入分布两端的群体其教育年限提升具有最强的增收效应,但遗漏、先天禀赋则可能导致收入群组的教育回报被低估;人力资本存量的个体差异是导致现阶段城镇劳动力市场工资收入差距的主要原因。

Based on the CHIP data provided by the survey of income of Chinese residents and Mincer Equation,this essay discusses the return on education and decomposes the wage income gap. The results show： There is a positive correlation between income and human capital,and improving the level of education can make contributions to enhance individual ＇s income; The return on education of urban residents rising from 6.8% to 8. 1% after correct the bias of sample selection using the model of 2 SLS-Heckman,verifying the inverted ＂U＂relation between working experience and income wage; Heterogeneous educational returns show an inverted＂U＂in the regress of quantile,the enhancement of educational level has the strongest influence on income increasing,which located in income distribution at the both ends,but missing innate endowments may underestimate the educational returns of high and low income groups; The individual difference of the stock of human capital is the main reason which leads to the wage income gap in the present urban labor market.