新诗诞辰:作为“问题”的历史考辨——兼及新诗百年纪念之反思

The Birthday of New Poetry: A Historical Study of a “Problem”: Reflections on the Centenary of New Poetry

初期白话诗创作有其前后相续的内在合理性,非要选定某个时间作为新诗诞辰的话,就得统一两大认识:怎样才算新诗?如何才是诞生?实际上,面对如此两问,很难达成一致见解,这就是新诗诞辰成为"问题"的根本原因。通过事实回放,我们勾勒出几个时间节点,从中看出新诗文体之确立是实践与理论"合力"或者说"共谋"的结果;经由学理考辨,我们发现,尽管对"新诗"起点的不同假设与选择,关系到对当事人成就的评价、对新诗文体特征的判定,但既往主流意见仍然倾向于将1918年1月15日《新青年》发表《诗九首》作为新诗诞生的标志。至于众多纪念活动乐于以《新青年》发表胡适《白话诗八首》的1917年2月1日为新诗的诞辰,则与抢占文化资源并将其转化成文化资本,以获取更多社会经济效益、更大话语权力等现象密切相关。

The initial vernacular poetry creation has its successive inherent rationality. If a selected time of new poems＇ birth must be settled, two things should be clarified： What is a new poem？ What is the Birth of a new poem？ In fact, it is difficult to reach a consensus, which is the root of the new poems＇ birth as a ＂problem＂. Through the replay of the facts, we outline several time nodes, from which we can see that the establishment of the style of new poetry is the result of ＂joint forces＂ or ＂collusion＂ between practice and theory. Through theoretical research, we find that despite the different assumptions and choices of the starting point of ＂New Poetry＂ are related to the evaluation of the achievements of the person concerned and the judgment of the stylistic characteristics of the New Poetry, the mainstream views still tend to regard the publication of ＂Nine Poems＂, published in January 15th 1918, as the symbol of the birth of new poems. As for many commemorative activities, February 1 st 1917, the day that Hu Shi＇s Eight Vernacular Poems were published in New Youth, is the birthday of the new poem. It is closely related to the phenomenon of seizing cultural resources and transforming them into cultural capital in order to obtain more social and economic benefits and greater discourse power.