论《变形记》中家庭权力网的动态平衡

On the Dynamic Equilibrium of the Family-power Network in The Metamorphosis

弗朗兹·卡夫卡的中篇小说《变形记》中格雷戈尔的变形不可避免地带出家人的"变形",这不是个体的是非善恶问题,而是权力关系流动的本质属性所致。《变形记》明显运用了现代主义、后现代主义的创新手法,却也从未抛离"现实主义"的肌质而显得抽象化、泛化。卡夫卡作品的复杂性在于他试图书写在一个不乏温情的家里,当养家人变为"异类",恐惧与同情、嫌恶与愧疚、暴力与爱相纠葛的悲剧故事。梳理萨姆莎一家在家庭剧变中的权力关系流转之始末,揭示卡夫卡如何呈现家庭权力网与亲情之间震撼人心的遭遇。

In Franz Kafka＇s novella The Metamorphosis, Gregor＇s transformation inevitably leads to the ＂transformations＂ of the family members, which is not about good and evil, but a consequence of the immanent nature of the dynamic flux of power relations. Apparently a modernist and postmodernist text, the story by no means loses its ＂realistic＂ texture or appears abstract. Kafka＇s complexity is that he writes a tragic story of a loving family in which after the breadwinner metamorphoses into a different species, the other family members＇ fear and compassion, detestation and remorse, violence and love, get entangled. Borrowing Michel Foucault＇s theory of power, this essay traces the dynamic flux of power relations in the family during the disaster and reveals its appalling encounter with familial love.