美国智能雨洪管理途径与发展前景研究

Current Instruments and Future Development of Intelligent Stormwater Management in the US

随着雨洪管理日益受到关注和智能技术的迅猛发展,智能雨洪管理成为美国各级政府和相关部门对雨洪管理实现有效和实时调控的热点发展方向。通过在基础设施上安装智能传感组件,与管理中心发生交互,完成雨洪信息搜集、分析、处理、控制和调整,智能雨洪管理扩展了基础设施的功能范围,增强了自动化操作和管理的灵活性,降低了长期维护成本和人力投入,有利于提升雨洪管理的效率和成果。本文以智能雨洪管理的发展背景为切入点,辨析智能雨洪管理的相关概念,并结合实际案例分析了美国雨洪管理的应用现状、发展重点、现实阻碍和有效推广途径,以期对我国未来雨洪管理的智能化提供借鉴。

With a broad attention on stormwater management and the rapid development of intelligent technology, intelligent stormwater management provides opportunities to governments at all levels to integrate the real-time control in stormwater management. By installing sensors and controls on stormwater infrastructure with connection to a central management system, intelligent stormwater management fulfills an entire process of collection, analysis, control, operation and adjustment in the system. It improves infrastructure capability, enhances auto-operation and flexibility, saves longrun labor and maintenance cost, and increases the efficiency of stormwater management. Based on the demonstration of background and key concepts, this paper investigates the current status, implementing opportunities, potential barriers, and promotion channels of intelligent stormwater management in the US. It provides insightful experience and lessons on how to use intelligent stormwater management in China.