绿色基础设施视角下的城市雨洪管治策略——以费城为例

Urban Stormwater Governance Based on Green Infrastructure: A Case Study of Philadelphia

新一代城市雨洪管治不只是绿色基础设施建设的工程技术问题,而是将多元主体纳入雨洪决策和实施,并对实施效果进行定期评估和反馈的复杂动态过程。本文分析美国雨洪管治的主要模式,回顾费城雨洪管治策略——"绿色城市,清洁水体"计划的实施过程,梳理其基于地块尺度的精细化雨洪管治演变历程。费城雨洪管治是水利局主导的自上而下的治理过程,强调绿色基础设施与传统设施结合,在确立整体雨洪管理目标后,通过空间用地对目标进行系统分解,保证目标实现的科学性和可行性。最后,本文借鉴费城案例提出我国城市层面雨洪管治需要建立跨部门跨尺度的协调机制,将城市雨洪管治贯穿于城市规划的各个层次,注重布局的公平性,实现数据可视化与成本控制。

The new generation of urban stormwater governance is beyond the engineering perspective of green infrastructure installation. It is a complex and dynamic process of involving multiple stakeholders in the loop of decision-making, implementation, evaluation and feedback. This paper analyzes the main modes of urban stormwater governance in the US. It reviews the implementation of the ＂Green City, Clean Water＂ program designed by the City of Philadelphia, which characterized as parcel-based stormwater management at city scale. Stormwater governance in Philadelphia is a top-down governance process led by the Water Department. It emphasizes the combination of green and grey infrastructure. After establishing the overall objectives, it systematically decomposed these into several phases and land uses during implementation to ensure feasibility. Learning from the case of Philadelphia, this paper proposes that the cross-sectoral and multi-scale coordination should be established for China＇s urban stormwater governance, and the goals of stormwater management need to be integrated into the urban planning regime. Environmental justice, open data and visualization, as well as cost control are also important to be addressed.