从遣使朝贡舞马看吐谷浑与南北朝各政权的关系

Study on the Relationship between Tu yuhun and the Political Powers in the Southern and Northern Dynasties by Sending Envoys,Paying Tributes and Offering the Dancing Houses

本文通过史料,对南北朝时期吐谷浑向南朝刘宋、萧梁,以及北朝西魏遣使朝贡舞马活动,逐一进行动机分析,认为吐谷浑五次应时势而遣使朝贡舞马,具有特殊政治意图。并由此分析吐谷浑与南北朝各政权的关系,进一步认为吐谷浑向南朝江左政权遣使朝贡舞马,其真实意义主要是针对北魏的政治联盟活动,尤其在重要时期"献舞马",乃力图扭转时局求得生存与发展;对西魏遣使朝贡舞马,依然是具体实施"远交近攻"政治策略的延续;更加明确了吐谷浑对与南朝江左政权关系始终和平友好,心怀"远朝天子"之志,而对北朝政权只是政治臣服和贸易往来。

Based on the historical data, this thesis analyzes the motivations of Tu yuhun sending en- voys, paying tributes and offering the dancing horses to the countries of Liu Song, Xiao Liang and Western Wei in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The author believed that Tu yuhun has a special political intention by sending envoys, paying tributes and offering the dancing horses five times and analyzed the rela-tionship between Tu yuhun and the political powers in Southern and Northern Dynasties. Furthermore, the author considered that the real significance of Tu yuhun＇s tributaries to the Jiangzuo Power in South- ern Dynasty is mainly aimed at the political alliance activities in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Especially in that important period, offering dance horse is trying to reverse the current situation and achieve survival and development. Meanwhile, Tu yuhun also sent envoys, paid tributes and offered the dancing horses to Western Wei Dynasty. It is said that it was still the continuation of the political strategy of ＂Making friends in the distance and attacking the nears＂, which made it more clear that Tu yuhun has peaceful and friendly relationship with the Jiang zuo Power in Southern Dynasty, but only has political obedience and trading with the Northern Dynasty.