《六书音均表》“古谐声偏旁分部互用说”之诸例古音归部考论

Research on the Character Examples of Ancient Rhyme Parts of “Ancient Phonetic Radical Belongs to Various Rhyme Parts” in Liushu Yingyunbiao

"谐声偏旁分部互用"是指同声符的一组形声字分属不同韵部,其中声符与所谐字异部者,段玉裁视为"合韵"。考察17个谐声系中诸字的归部,发现段玉裁的归部依据并非"同谐声者必同部"的原则。"谐声偏旁分部互用"是段玉裁按照条例归部的结果。凡韵脚字,据押韵情况归部;非韵脚字,据古今音对应规律取今音上推归部。如果大徐音是音转,则另外选定正音归部。谐声系联限于把同谐声而中古同韵者归于同一韵部。

A series of pictophonetic characters with the same phonetic element belong to different rhyme parts is called phonetic radical belongs to various rhyme parts for short. That those pictophonetic characters whose pronunciation generalized in rhyme parts is inconsonant with the phonetic radical＇s was regarded as Heyun by Duan Yucai. After exploring ancient rhyme parts of 17 groups of pictophonetic characters, we found the theory that the pictophonetic characters with the same consonant certainly belong to the same rhyme part is not the rule that Duan Yucai applied to assign the ancient rhyme parts of phonogram. ＂Ancient phonetic Radical Belong to Various Rhyme Parts＂ is the result of that Duan Yucai assigned the rhyme parts in rules. Rhyming words would be classified in ancient rhyme parts according to its rhyme reality. Non--rhyming words would be classified in ancient thyme parts on the basis of its mid--ancient pronunciation, which would be compared with corresponding law between ancient Chinese phonology and mid--ancient Chinese phonology. If Xu Xuan＇s pronunciation was shifted sound, it would be replaced with another standard pronunciation. The phonograms with the same phonetic element, and also with the same rhyme part in middle ancient time would be classified in the same ancient thyme part.