欲望与主体的建构——从拉康与现象学的关系看

The Constitution of the Subject and the Dialectic of Desire——Dialogue between Phenomenology and Psychoanalysis

拉康颠覆了黑格尔式的实体化的主体,将如何在能指的裂缝中揭示和建构新的存在和主体性当作了自己最重要的任务。通过对比拉康和现象学对存在的探讨,我们可以发现,拉康不仅同样将存在理解为一种环形结构,它在意识、存在和能指的关联中"到时",而且还进一步将此环形存在的根据揭示为在它之外存在的一种关于他者的不可见的欲望。据此,不可见性以拒绝被充实的方式建构了能动的主体和本己的生存,先行构造的根据在于更原初的"先将来时"。拉康在扩大现象学的存在领域的同时向我们表明,存在根源于他处,主体的本质是他性。

Lacan subverts the Hegelian substantialized subject and undertakes the task of revealing and constituting the new Being and subjectivity in the cut of signifier. By comparing Lacan＇s and pbenomenologists＇ investigations of Being, we can find that Lacan not only inter prets Being as circle structure, which ＇temporalizes itself＇ in the interweaving of consciousness, Being and signifier, but also grounds the Circle-Being on the invisible desire towards Other which is totally beyond Being. Thus the invisible constitutes an active subject and the own-most existence, and the foundation of constitution in advance is the original ＇futuro anteriore＇. By enlarging the field of phenomenology, Lacan shows us that the origin of Being is Other-where and the essence of subject is Other-ness.