“赋比兴”写人功能之抉发及其理论价值

Characterization of “Realism,Impressionism,Romanticism” and Its Theoretical Value

"赋比兴"用途广,功能强,不仅被广泛用于诗词曲赋中,而且还被广泛用于其他各体文学;除了用以抒情、描景、状物,还可用以叙事、写人。在本土化叙事学、写人学等文艺理论建构中,我们既可光大其固有的诗歌叙事、写人本旨,也可以将其翻转为戏曲小说的叙事、写人理论而加以发扬。以往,关于"赋比兴"抒情、写景、状物等功能的研究已较充分,关于其叙事功能的研究也已颇有起色,而关于其写人功能的研究则较逊色,因而期待抉发。相对于"纵铺"赋笔主要用于时间性强的叙事而言,"横铺"赋笔则主要用以空间性强的写人,尤其是经常用以藻绘人物意象与情态。比兴依托"引类取譬",多用于写人之表象、心象,是为"比象"。这种"比象"写人笔法带有虚拟性,所写人物意象给人留下较为丰富的想象余地。当然,"赋比兴"还被广泛地用于"写心",借助夸饰渲染、物象比拟,实现心态外化。概而言之,"赋比兴"这套古老的表达方法和行文法宝可以与"传神写照""曲尽其态""写心"等绘画理论匹配互补,成为构建中国写人文论体系的要素。

＂Realism,impressionism, romanticism＂ is widely used and has strong functions. It is widely used not only in poetry and melody, but also in other literatures. It can be used for expression, depiction, even used for narration and characterization. In the construction of literary theories such as domestic narratology and portrayal of characters, we can expand its inherent poetic narratives, the intentions of characterization, and turn them into the theories of narrative and character profile of drama and novels. In the past, research on the lyrical, landscape, and materi- al features of ＂Realism,impressionism,romanticism ＂has been fully researched, study on its narrative function has also improved considerably, but the research on its writer function is unconcerned. Compared with the ＂vertical store＂ writing skills mainly used for time-sensitive narratives, the ＂cross-paving＂ writing is mainly used to shape character with a strong space, and in particular, often used to mold the imagery and spirit of characters. Impressionism relying on ＂ci tation＂ is mostly used to write character＇s appearance and mind, also be called ＂image＂. This kind of ＂image＂ has a virtual character, and has left readers with more space for imagination. Of course, ＂realism,impressionism,romanticism＂ has also been widely used to ＂expression＂, with the help of extravagant renderings and the comparison of objects and images to realize the externalization of the mind. In a word, the ancient description method of ＂realism,impressionism, romanticism＂ can be complemented with other painting theories such as ＂Transmitting Portraits＂, ＂Extreme Performance＂, ＂Inner Sentiment＂, etc. and become the elements for constructing Chinese writing humanities system.