当代俄罗斯政治思想的研究方法:现象与挑战

Approaches to Contemporary Russian Political Thoughts: Phenomena and Challenges

学者在使用思想史方法对当代政治思想进行研究时,须考虑作为基础的研究材料在不同时代的不同特点,对方法予以反思和完善。在这一信息化和后真相时代,俄罗斯政治思想研究面临传统材料变化与非传统材料增多两方面的挑战。传统材料呈现出系统性、不确定性的特点,非传统材料则呈现出碎片化、情绪化的特点。为此,对当代俄罗斯政治思想进行研究,一方面应从政治观念、政治人物与派别、文本档案三要素入手构建基本的研究框架,对传统材料进行分类和跟踪;另一方面应尝试从角色、关系、客体、环境、象征、语言六方面入手探索研究方法,对非传统材料进行观察与分析。同时,对两种材料进行的研究都要保持动态的视角。在当代政治思想研究中,正是材料本身的变化常常象征着政治格局和走向的演变。

When employing intellectual historic methodology to explore contemporary political thoughts, scholars should take different characteristics of research materials at different times into consideration, reflect upon and improve their methods. In this information-based and post-truth era, Russian political thought studies is facing two challenges, namely, changing traditional materials and increasing non-traditional materials. Traditional materials are systematic but uncertain, while non-traditional materials are fragmented and emotional.Therefore, for contemporary Russian political thoughts studies, on the one hand, a basic research framework should be set up with three elements, namely, political ideas, political figures and factions, in addition to texts and archives. Meanwhile, traditional materials should be classified and tracked. On the other hand, non-traditional materials should be observed and analyzed from six aspects including roles, relationships, objects, environment, symbols and languages. Moreover, a dynamic perspective should be kept on researches of these two types of materials. In contemporary political thought studies, it is just changes of materials that often symbolize the evolution of political configuration and trends.