2015年广州市居民健康素养水平及影响因素研究

Level of health literacy and influencing factors among residents in Guangzhou,2015

目的了解广州市居民的健康素养水平及其影响因素,为制订干预措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市15~69岁的常住居民进行入户问卷调查,调查内容包括基本情况与健康素养具备情况,采用单、多因素分析方法对健康素养影响因素进行分析。结果 2015年广州市居民的健康素养总体水平为39.8%(2 979/7479),其中基本知识和理念素养水平为37.8%、健康生活方式与行为素养水平为39.3%、健康环境素养水平为38.8%、传染病预防素养水平为23.9%、自救与互救素养水平为65.6%、科学就医素养水平为55.6%。单因素分析结果显示,女性居民的健康素养水平高于男性(P<0.05);以25~29岁年龄组居民的健康素养水平(55.6%)最高(P<0.01);医护人员的健康素养水平(82.4%)高于其他职业人群(P<0.01);居民健康素养水平随文化程度的升高而升高(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性居民的健康素养水平较男性高(OR=1.144);以15~19岁为参照,25~29、30~34、35~39岁居民的健康素养水平较高(OR分别为1.849、1.877、1.732);以公务员为参照,医务人员健康素养水平较高(OR=4.252);以文盲为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大专/本科和硕士及以上居民的健康素养水平较高(OR分别为1.982、2.675、4.856、5.945)。结论 2015年广州市居民健康素养总体水平较高,但传染病预防素养水平偏低;年龄、职业和文化程度是广州市居民健康素养水平的主要影响因素。

Objective To understand the health literacy level and its influencing factors of Guangzhou residents. Methods Using multi-stage stratified random sampling method,residents aged 15-69 years in Guangzhou were investigated. The survey content included the basic information and health literacy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors influencing the health literacy level. Results The health literacy level of Guangzhou residents was 39. 8%（ 2 979/7 479） in 2015.The basic knowledge and concept level was 37. 8%,the healthy lifestyle and behavior level 39. 3%,the health environmental literacy level 38. 8%,the infectious disease prevention literacy level 23. 9%,the self-help and mutual aid literacy level 65. 6%,and the scientific literacy of medical-seeking level 55. 6%.Univariate analysis showed that the health literacy level of the female residents was higher than that of the male（ P 0. 05）,the health literacy level in group aged 25-29 years was the highest（ 55. 6%,P 〈0. 01）,the health literacy level of the medical and nursing staff（ 82. 4%） was higher than that of the other occupational groups（ P〈 0. 01）,and the health literacy level of the residents increased with the degree of education（ P〈 0. 01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the health literacy level of female residents was higher than that of male（ OR = 1. 144）. Taking the group aged 15-19 years as a reference,the health literacy levels of residents aged 25-29,30-34 and 35-39 years were higher（ OR = 1. 849,1. 877,1. 732）. Taking the civil service as a reference,the health literacy level of medical staff was higher（ OR = 4. 252）. Reference to illiteracy,the levels of health literacy of junior high school,senior high school/vocational high school/secondary specialized school,college/undergraduate and master degree or above were higher（ OR = 1. 982,2. 675,4. 856,5. 945）. Conclusion In 2015,the overall health literacy level of residents in Guangzhou was high,but the level of infectious disease prevention literacy was low; age,occupation and education level were the main factors influencing the health literacy level of Guangzhou residents.