村干部职业化的生成机制及路径创新

Formation Mechanism of Village Cadres' Professionalization and Its Path Innovation

沿海发达地区村干部呈职业化发展趋势。职业化村干部表现为层级制的职能分工、理性的选拔机制、稳定的职业预期及流动性任职。基层行政变迁是村干部职业化的充分必要条件。密集的输入性资源既是村干部职业化的经济基础,又加速村级组织行政化的形成。村干部职业化是在村庄自主性力量不足以支撑起村民自治运转的情况下,国家行政权力下沉到村一级,向基层输入资源及公共规则的过程。它重塑了正式激励系统,再造了公共性的治理主体。然而,它也造成村庄内部动员体系解体、村务与政务的选择性执行以及自下而上信息传达渠道阻塞等问题,导致国家与乡村社会的疏离。以自然村(村民小组)为单元实行村民自治,是村干部职业化趋势下有效平衡自治与行政关系的可行路径。

The village cadres were professional in developed coastal areas.Professional village cadres behave as the hierarchical division of functions,rational selection mechanism,stable career expectations and mobility of office.The basic administrative change is the necessary and sufficient condition for village cadres＇ professionalization.Intensive input resources are not only the economic basis of village cadres＇ professionalism,but also accelerate the formation of village level administrative organization.The village autonomous power is not enough to support the operation of the villagers＇ self-government,so,the state administrative power sinks to the village level,to input resources and public rules to the grassroots.It reshapes the formal incentive system and reconstructs the public subject.However,it also causes the disintegration of the village internal mobilization system,the selective implementation of village affairs and government affairs and the obstruction of the channel from bottom to top,leading to the alienation of state and rural society.It is a feasible way to balance the autonomy and administrative relations effectively by implementing the villagers＇ autonomy in the village as a unit.