2011-2016年宜兴市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征

Epidemiological and Etiological Characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth Disease From 2011 to 2016 in Yixing

目的分析2011-2016年宜兴市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征,为促进预防控制措施提供理论依据。方法使用SPSS 22.0软件对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2011-2016年报告的宜兴市全部手足口病病例进行描述性流行病学分析。随机选择手足口病病例采集其肛拭子和咽拭子样本进行手足口病相关病毒RT-PCR检测,确定感染病原体。结果2011-2016年宜兴市累计报告16 072例手足口病,平均年发病率为208.59/10万。发病具有明显的季节性。小于6周岁病例占总病例数的92.52%,其中1~4岁年龄段病例占总病例数的78.65%。历年男性发病率均高于女性。475例病原学结果显示Cox A16、EV71和其他人类肠道病毒均在病例中循环流行,不同年份优势毒株各不相同。女性EV71感染率高于男性。结论手足口病的发生存在明显季节性,具有性别、年龄差异,且发病率多年高居不下,进一步研究控制措施以保护易感人群仍是工作重点。

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease（ HFMD） in Yixing from 2011 to 2016 and control the disease. Methods A descriptive statistical analysis of all HFMD cases in Yixing reported from 2011 to 2016 in the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System using SPSS 22. 0. Anal and throat swabs of HFMD cases randomly selected were assay by RT-PCR for related virus to identify pathogens for infection. Results A total of 16 072 HFMD cases were reported in Yixing from 2011 to 2016,and the average annual incidence was 208. 59/105. Onset of the disease was notably seasonal. Infants and children aged younger than 6 year old accounted for more than 92. 52% of the reported cases,with the age group of 1 – 4 years（ 12 641,78. 65%） involving the greatest number of cases.The incidence of HFMD in males was higher than in females. Etiological results of 475 cases indicated cycling prevalence of Cox A16,EV71 and other human enterovirus in HFMD cases. The predominant enteroviruses were different over the six years. The positive rate of EV71 in males was much lower than in females. Conclusion Obvious differences in season,gender and age have been found in the cases of HFMD. Furthermore, the development of measures for the control and prevention of HFMD infection in susceptible populations should be enhanced.